Which psychological approach opposes the pessimism of psychoanalysis and emphasizes free will?

The humanistic approach is distinguished by its emphasis on free will, personal growth, and the inherent goodness of individuals. In stark contrast to psychoanalysis, which often emphasizes unconscious motivations and internal conflicts, humanism posits that people have the capacity to make choices that lead to self-actualization and fulfillment. Humanistic theorists such as Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow advocate for the understanding of human behavior through a more optimistic lens, suggesting that individuals are not just products of their childhood experiences or unconscious drives but active agents in their development.

By focusing on concepts such as self-esteem, personal potential, and the importance of a supportive environment, the humanistic approach encourages individuals to take responsibility for their actions and recognize their own power to shape their lives. This focus on wellness and potential stands in opposition to the more deterministic views of psychoanalysis, making humanism a positive and empowering psychological framework.