Which phenomenon does group polarization describe?

Group polarization refers to the tendency for individuals in a group to adopt more extreme positions or make more extreme decisions than they would as individuals. When group members discuss a topic, their initial leanings can be amplified, leading to riskier or more cautious decisions based on the group's overall attitude.

In other words, if a group holds a certain perspective—whether initially leaning towards risk-taking or caution—discussions tend to strengthen this inclination. For example, if members feel somewhat inclined to take risks, after deliberation, they may collectively decide on an even riskier course of action. Similarly, if they are initially cautious, group discussions can lead them to adopt an even more conservative stance.

This phenomenon is significant because it reveals how group dynamics can influence decision-making processes and the importance of considering how group discussions might lead members to a more extreme viewpoint, impacting outcomes in various contexts, from political decisions to business strategies.