Which of the following theories focuses on the effects of anticipated rewards on behavior?

Reinforcement Theory is centered on the idea that anticipated rewards and punishments significantly influence behavior. This theory posits that individuals make decisions based on the expected outcomes of their actions; they are more likely to engage in behaviors that they believe will yield positive rewards and less likely to engage in those associated with negative consequences.

Reinforcement can take various forms, including material rewards, social affirmations, or intrinsic satisfaction, making it a comprehensive framework for understanding motivation and behavior change. The theory is closely related to operant conditioning, where behavior is modified based on the reinforcement received after it. This foundational principle allows psychologists to predict and influence behavior across different contexts, such as education, therapy, and workplace management.

In contrast, the other theories do not focus specifically on reward mechanisms. Consistency Theory addresses the need for cognitive consistency, Balance Theory deals with relationships and attitudes towards them, and Role Theory focuses on social roles and expectations. Each of these has its own distinct focus and does not emphasize how anticipated rewards directly shape behavior in the way that Reinforcement Theory does.