What type of potential do GABA influences produce?

GABA, or gamma-aminobutyric acid, is a neurotransmitter primarily known for its inhibitory effects in the central nervous system. When GABA binds to its receptors on a neuron's postsynaptic membrane, it typically causes an influx of chloride ions (Cl-) or an efflux of potassium ions (K+), leading to hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane. This process results in inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs), which decrease the likelihood of the postsynaptic neuron firing an action potential.

IPSPs contrast with excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs), which are produced by excitatory neurotransmitters that depolarize the neuron. The distinction is essential in understanding how neurotransmitters regulate neuronal activity and maintain the balance between excitation and inhibition in the brain.