What term describes the space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another?

The term that accurately describes the space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another is known as the synaptic cleft. This small gap is critical for neuronal communication, as it is where neurotransmitters are released from the axon terminal of one neuron and bind to receptors on the dendrites of the adjacent neuron. The effectiveness of this communication is essential for the transmission of signals within the nervous system, facilitating processes such as reflexes, learning, and memory.

Other terms mentioned do not describe this specific space. The terminal button refers to the end of the axon where neurotransmitters are released, but it is not the gap itself. The axon hillock is the region of the neuron where action potentials are initiated, playing a different role in neuronal signaling. The term neurotransmitter gap is not a standard term used in neuroscience to describe any part of the synaptic communication process.