What is the state of a neuron referred to when it has a net negative charge?

The state of a neuron with a net negative charge is best described as hyperpolarized. During hyperpolarization, the membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential, which typically hovers around -70 mV. This occurs when the neuron has an influx of negatively charged ions or an efflux of positively charged ions, leading to an increased negativity.

The resting stage is a specific baseline state of the neuron where it is not actively signaling, but its membrane potential is still around -70 mV, signifying a stable, negative charge. While the resting stage does reflect a negative charge, it is not characterized by a net increase in negativity beyond this baseline level, which is what hyperpolarization involves.

Identifying hyperpolarization as the correct answer helps in understanding the distinctions between states of neuronal activity, particularly how neurons respond to stimuli and how they prepare for transmitting signals.