What is the primary focus of equity theory in relationships?

Equity theory primarily focuses on the balance and fairness in relationships, specifically the ratio of costs to rewards that partners experience. According to this theory, individuals in a relationship seek to maintain equity by ensuring that the benefits they receive are proportional to what they contribute. When one partner feels that they are giving more than they are receiving, it can lead to feelings of resentment and dissatisfaction, while an imbalance in the opposite direction can also cause distress. The emphasis on a fair ratio helps partners to work towards mutual satisfaction and emotional equity, making option B the correct answer.

Other options, while touching on aspects of relationships, do not capture the essence of equity theory in the same way. For instance, maximizing personal rewards does not necessarily consider the relationship dynamic or fairness; instead, it may lead to self-serving behavior that could upset the balance. Minimizing conflict through compromise focuses more on conflict resolution strategies rather than equity in terms of contributions and benefits. Finally, choosing partners based on external characteristics is related to attraction and selection rather than the equitable distribution of rewards and costs within the relationship framework.