What is the focus of the post-conventional phase in Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

The focus of the post-conventional phase in Kohlberg's theory of moral development is centered around the concepts of social contracts and universal ethical principles. In this stage, individuals begin to recognize that while laws and rules are important, they are also subject to scrutiny based on human rights and ethical considerations.

At this level, moral reasoning is guided by abstract principles, such as justice, equality, and the greater good, rather than merely adhering to societal rules or authority figures. Individuals in the post-conventional phase evaluate laws and rules based on their ability to promote fairness and human dignity. They understand that moral decisions can transcend legal obligations and are rooted in a more comprehensive ethical framework that considers the well-being of all individuals, thereby fostering an awareness that moral actions should be consistent with universal human rights.

This stage represents a shift towards a more complex understanding of morality, reflecting the ability to think critically about one's own beliefs and the betterment of society as a whole.