In the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion, what occurs at the same time?

In the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion, the key concept is that physiological arousal and the experience of emotion occur simultaneously but independently in response to an emotional stimulus. This theory posits that when an individual perceives an emotional event, the thalamus sends signals to both the autonomic nervous system, which triggers physiological arousal (like increased heart rate or sweating), and the subjective experience of emotion (such as feeling happy, angry, or afraid) at the same time.

The simultaneous occurrence is crucial because it highlights that the body’s physiological reactions do not cause the emotional experience nor vice versa; rather, they are two parallel processes. This idea contrasts with earlier theories, like the James-Lange theory, which suggested that the physiological response must occur first to influence the emotional experience. Therefore, understanding the Cannon-Bard theory emphasizes the integration of bodily responses and emotional experiences occurring together in reaction to stimuli.

The other options relate to aspects of emotion but do not accurately capture the simultaneous nature as described by the Cannon-Bard theory. For instance, cognitive appraisal involves a mental evaluation of the situation and is not considered simultaneous with the emotional experience according to this theory.