How does the diathesis-stress model explain mental disorders?

The diathesis-stress model provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the development of mental disorders by suggesting that both genetic predisposition and environmental stressors interact to influence an individual's risk for mental health issues. This model posits that a person may have an underlying vulnerability (the diathesis), which can be genetic or biological, that signifies increased susceptibility to mental illness.

However, the mere presence of this predisposition is not sufficient for the manifestation of a disorder. It is the interaction with environmental factors—life stressors, traumatic experiences, or significant changes—that can trigger the onset of the disorder. This means that individuals with a high level of predisposition may be more likely to develop a mental health issue when faced with significant stress. Thus, the correct answer emphasizes the combination of environmental factors and specific stressors that can activate the underlying vulnerability, leading to the development of a mental disorder.

In contrast, focusing solely on genetic predisposition, presence of any stressor, or only psychological factors does not adequately account for the full range of influences on mental health as suggested by the diathesis-stress model.