According to Reinforcement Theory, what primarily motivates behavior?

Reinforcement Theory, developed by B.F. Skinner, posits that behavior is primarily motivated by the anticipation of rewards. In this framework, behaviors that are followed by positive outcomes or reinforcements are more likely to be repeated in the future. The concept focuses on the role of external factors in shaping behavior, particularly the idea that individuals are driven to engage in actions that they believe will result in desirable consequences.

This anticipation of rewards can take many forms, including tangible rewards (like money or prizes), social approval, or personal satisfaction. The expectation of achieving these positive outcomes creates a motivation to pursue certain behaviors, reinforcing the connection between actions and rewards. By prioritizing anticipated rewards, Reinforcement Theory highlights the proactive nature of behavior—individuals aren't just reacting to avoid negative consequences (such as punishment); they are actively seeking out the rewards that drive and influence their decisions and actions.